1. "Instead of" as a "Preposition"- Instead is not used alone as a preposition; we use the two words "instead of". |
Example: a) I'll have burger instead of sandwich, please. (wrong - instead sandwich) b) Can you accompany Jean instead of me tomorrow, please? (wrong - instead me) |
- Instead of is not usually followed by an infinitive |
Example: a) I stayed home all day instead of meeting my friend. (wrong - instead of (to) go to meet) |
2. "Instead of" and "Without"- Instead suggests that one person, thing or action replaces another.- Without suggests that one person, thing etc is not together with another. |
See comparison: a) Tomo was invited to the party, but she wa busy, so Mika went instead of her. Mika replaced Tomo.) (wrong - Mika went without him) Tomo and Mika were invited, but Tomo was busy, so Mika went without him.(Normally, they would have gone together.) |
b) She often goes biking instead of going to church.(Biking replaces church.) (wrong - She often goes biking without going to church) She often goes biking without telling her father.(Biking and telling her father should go together.) (wrong - She often goes biking without telling her father) |
2. "Instead"(without of) as an "Adverb"- Instead (without of) is an adverb. It usually begins or ends a clause. |
Example: a) She didn't eat a meal after all. Instead, she ate snacks. b) Don't go the the party. Come with me to church instead. |