Participles may correspond to the active voice (active participles), where the modified noun is taken to represent the agent of the action denoted by the verb; or to the passive voice (passive participles), where the modified noun represents the patient (undergoer) of that action. |
1) present participle |
The present participle is often used when we want to express an active action. We generally add -ing to the infinitive of the verb. |
Use of the present participle |
Progressive/Continuous tense: |
He is reading a book. |
Gerund: |
Reading books is fun. |
Participle: |
Look at the reading boy. |
2-1) past participle |
Participles are words formed from verbs which can be used as adjectives. Past participle is an action-based description, where the action is completed action. |
Use of the past participle |
Perfect tenses: |
He has forgotten the pencil. He had forgotten the pencil. |
Passive voice |
A house is built. A house was built. |
Participle |
Look at the washed car. The car washed yesterday is blue. He had his car washed. |
3. Interested and Interesting |
Interested (adjective) |
showing curiosity or concern about something or someone; having a feeling of interest. |
Example: |
I am interested in sports. (not...I'm interesting in sports.) |
She is interested in biology. |
Interesting (adjective) |
arousing curiosity or interest; holding or catching the attention. "an interesting debate" |
Example: |
It is such an interesting topic to talk about. (not... an interested topic...) |
Swimming is an interesting sports. |
He is an interesting person. |
4. exceptions: a fallen leaf, an escaped prisoner etc |
A few past participles can be used as adjective with active meanings, especially before nouns |
Example: |
trained teachers broken glass written instructions fallen leaves retired teacher experienced worker |
5. Active past participle: advanced points |
some past participles can be used with active meanings, but only with adverb |
Example: |
My children are all grown-up now. |
She is a retired person. |
My homework will be finished in a few minutes. |