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| Participles may correspond to the active voice (active participles), where the modified noun is taken to represent the agent of the action denoted by the verb; or to the passive voice (passive participles), where the modified noun represents the patient (undergoer) of that action. |
| 1) present participle |
| The present participle is often used when we want to express an active action. We generally add -ing to the infinitive of the verb. |
| Use of the present participle |
| Progressive/Continuous tense: |
| He is reading a book. |
| Gerund: |
| Reading books is fun. |
| Participle: |
| Look at the reading boy. |
| 2-1) past participle |
| Participles are words formed from verbs which can be used as adjectives. Past participle is an action-based description, where the action is completed action. |
| Use of the past participle |
| Perfect tenses: |
| He has forgotten the pencil. He had forgotten the pencil. |
| Passive voice |
| A house is built. A house was built. |
| Participle |
| Look at the washed car. The car washed yesterday is blue. He had his car washed. |
| 3. Interested and Interesting |
| Interested (adjective) |
| showing curiosity or concern about something or someone; having a feeling of interest. |
| Example: |
| I am interested in sports. (not...I'm interesting in sports.) |
| She is interested in biology. |
| Interesting (adjective) |
| arousing curiosity or interest; holding or catching the attention. "an interesting debate" |
| Example: |
| It is such an interesting topic to talk about. (not... an interested topic...) |
| Swimming is an interesting sports. |
| He is an interesting person. |
| 4. exceptions: a fallen leaf, an escaped prisoner etc |
| A few past participles can be used as adjective with active meanings, especially before nouns |
| Example: |
| trained teachers broken glass written instructions fallen leaves retired teacher experienced worker |
| 5. Active past participle: advanced points |
| some past participles can be used with active meanings, but only with adverb |
| Example: |
| My children are all grown-up now. |
| She is a retired person. |
| My homework will be finished in a few minutes. |